Learn Extracted exam questions AP Human Geography 2023 Free Response · Set 1
2023 Free Response · Set 1
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No stimulus.
The rate of natural increase (RNI), also known as the natural increase rate, helps geographers assess annual population growth or decline.
Define the concept of RNI.
Describe how a country may have a negative RNI.
Compare ONE difference between RNI and the total fertility rate as indicators of population change.
Explain ONE reason why RNI in urban areas may vary significantly from RNI in rural areas in the same country.
Explain why there are often differences in doubling times between less developed countries and more developed countries.
Explain ONE reason ethnonationalism might lead a government to promote pronatalist policies.
Explain the degree to which a unitary government may be more effective than a federal government in enforcing antinatalist policies.
One stimulus.
PER CAPITA PRODUCTION OF STAPLE FOOD CROPS IN HEARTH-OF-DOMESTICATION COUNTRIES
| Country | Corn/maize (lb per capita) | Potato (lb per capita) | Rice (lb per capita) | Yam (lb per capita) | Cassava/manioc (lb per capita) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 1,056 | 39 | 108 | 3 | 183 |
| China | 412 | 145 | 333 | 0 | 52 |
| Mexico | 471 | 31 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Nigeria | 121 | 15 | 93 | 549 | 618 |
| Peru | 107 | 362 | 216 | 0 | 13 |
Hearths of domestication: corn/maize = Mexico; potato = Peru; rice = China and Mali; yam = Niger River basin; cassava = Amazon River basin. Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Staple food crops provide most of the carbohydrates in people's diets, and some staples are also used as animal feed or in the distillation of ethanol. Cassava is a root crop (tuber) that is the source of farinha, tapioca, and the pearls in bubble tea.
Describe the concept of an early hearth of domestication.
Identify the crop listed in the table that has diffused the least from its hearth of domestication to the countries listed in the table.
Explain how food preferences can be a culture trait.
Explain how the Columbian Exchange contributed to a crop's diffusion beyond its hearth of domestication.
Explain how the data in the table support the concept of a crop's consumption pattern being the result of globalization.
Explain why a crop may be farmed intensively in a less developed country and be farmed extensively in a more developed country.
Explain ONE way the global supply chain links crops such as those listed in the table to consumers in other countries.
Two stimuli.
Stimulus 1 (map): MAJOR MEDICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS IN THE BOSTON AND PROVIDENCE REGION. An inset map shows the downtown areas of Boston and Cambridge, Massachusetts, with numerous medical and biotechnology companies and institutions clustered together along the Charles River and arterial routes. Source: National Institutes of Health.
Stimulus 2 (table): SELECTED TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AREAS IN THE MEDICAL FIELD.
| Category | Product or Service |
|---|---|
| Biotechnology | Genetic engineering research; Biochemistry research; Diagnostic and testing science |
| Gene therapies | Cancer treatments; Neurological treatments; Rare and genetic disease treatments; Antiviral treatments and vaccines (e.g., Moderna) |
Since the 1980s, the northeastern United States has developed into a major global center of high-technology industry that specializes in the medical field.
Describe the spatial pattern of the companies and institutions shown in the inset map.
Describe the concept of a growth pole.
Explain ONE way education infrastructure affects a region's potential for high-technology development.
Explain how the pattern shown on the map resembles the galactic city model.
Explain ONE way local economic changes may be a result of deindustrialization.
Explain how the products and services listed in the table demonstrate that this economy has moved into the quaternary sector.
The map focuses on a regional scale. Explain a possible limitation of drawing country scale conclusions from a regional scale map.