0610 Biology March 2025 Question Paper 22

The relationships of four species of bacteria, P, Q, R and S, were compared. ● Species P and Q have a more recent common ancestor than either species has with species R. ● Species S developed recently from species P. Which species has the least similar base sequences in their DNA compared to the other three species of bacteria?

The diagram shows an arthropod. pedipalp legs To which group does it belong?

Which structures are found in both plant cells and bacterial cells? cell membrane cell wall plasmid ribosomes

A cell is 65 m across. What is this measurement in mm?

The diagram shows four mesophyll cells, W, X, Y and Z. Water moves through these cells. W X Y Z Which arrow shows the direction of movement of water through these cells? direction of water movement water potential / kPa W X Y Z

Three processes are listed. Molecules or ions are moved across membranes. Molecules or ions are moved by protein carriers. Ions are taken up by root hairs. Which processes can involve active transport?

A section of a chromosome contains 4500 bases. There are 1450 G bases. How many A bases are there?

Which chemical element is found in proteins but not in carbohydrates?

Which statement describes enzymes?

The graphs show how the rate of photosynthesis and the rate of respiration in a plant changed over a 24-hour period. Which graph shows the correct rate of photosynthesis and rate of respiration? rate / arbitrary units time of day / hour

The photomicrograph shows part of the lower surface of a leaf. X What is the structure labelled X?

A student is told that their diet is not balanced and they may be at risk of developing scurvy. What should the student do to reduce their risk of scurvy?

The diagram shows the four types of human tooth. incisor canine premolar molar Which teeth are used for grinding food?

Which substance causes the change in pH when food enters the small intestine?

Which conditions cause the highest rate of transpiration?

The diagram shows a heart defect that some babies are born with. The arrows indicate direction of blood flow. heart defect Which statement explains why this heart defect might cause the baby to have poor growth?

The diagram shows the effect of vaccination on the human body. Three components in the diagram are represented by numbers. immune response can provide passive immunity to others provide long-term immunity Which components are memory cells?

What helps to keep the trachea open during breathing?

Yeast can respire aerobically and anaerobically. For each molecule of glucose used in yeast, how many more molecules of carbon dioxide gas are produced by aerobic respiration compared with anaerobic respiration?

In a healthy human, in which blood vessel would you find the lowest concentration of urea?

A specific eye condition can cause permanent contraction of the ciliary muscles. Which row is correct for an eye with this condition compared to an eye without this condition? suspensory ligaments refraction of light rays onto the retina

The liver and the pancreas work together to control the concentration of glucose in the blood. Which statement is correct?

In the dark, plant shoots grow upwards and roots grow downwards. What causes these responses? gravitropism phototropism

What is the reason why antibiotics should be used only when essential?

Which row describes self-pollination? pollen transferred from an anther to the stigma of a different flower on the same plant pollen transferred from an anther to the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species pollen transferred from an anther to the stigma of the same flower

The list shows terms used when describing sexual reproduction. male gamete female gamete ovule ovary filament fertilisation haploid Which terms are used only when describing sexual reproduction in plants?

Which statement correctly describes the effect of a hormone in a human menstrual cycle that lasts for 28 days?

What is the main hormone responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

Which term is defined as a length of DNA that codes for a protein?

Which statement about the sex chromosomes is correct?

The graph shows how the mass of DNA changes during a mitotic cell division. Where on the graph are two cells formed? mass of DNA per cell / arbitrary units time / hours

A man with blood group A and genotype IAIo has a child with a woman who has blood group B and genotype IBIo. What is the probability of the child having blood group O?

What are sources of genetic variation in populations?

The food chain shows how energy is transferred to a human. lettuce  snails  duck  human Where did the energy in the lettuce come from?

The processes listed affect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. increased deforestation increased tree planting decreased fossil fuel combustion increased fossil fuel combustion Which processes increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Which organisms can be sources of energy for decomposers? producers herbivores carnivores

A coral reef contains species such as stony corals, sponges, seahorses and whale sharks. These species interact with each other and are affected by the temperature, salt concentration and oxygen concentration of the water. Using all the information given, what is being described?

What can cause an increase in the size of a rabbit population?

How does eutrophication lead to the death of fish?

The diagram shows a bacterial cell. Which cell structure makes bacteria useful in genetic modification?