Organisation and management
Organisational charts
- An organisational chart shows who reports to whom:
- hierarchy — the levels of staff,
- chain of command — the line orders pass down,
- span of control — how many subordinates a manager controls,
- delayering — removing a level to cut cost and speed messages.
- A "tall" structure (long chain) slows messages; a wide span gives a manager many people.
Practice
The span of control is the number of:
Span of control = direct subordinates per manager; the chain of command is the line orders pass down.
Management & leadership
- Five management functions: planning, organising, coordinating, commanding, controlling.
- Leadership styles: autocratic (decides alone), democratic (asks staff), laissez-faire (sets goals, lets staff work freely).
- A trade union is a group of workers bargaining for better pay and conditions.
Practice
An autocratic leader:
Autocratic leaders decide alone; democratic ask staff; laissez-faire give freedom.
Practice
A trade union is a group of workers who join together to bargain for better pay and conditions.
Unions represent workers in negotiations over pay, conditions and disputes.
You've got it
Key idea
- a chart shows hierarchy, chain of command, span of control; delayering removes a level
- management functions: planning, organising, coordinating, commanding, controlling
- styles: autocratic / democratic / laissez-faire; a trade union bargains for workers