0610 Biology November 2025 Question Paper 21

The diagrams show a plant at the start of an experiment, and the same plant two weeks later. start of the experiment after two weeks light from one side Which characteristics of living organisms are demonstrated by this experiment?

What can be used to classify organisms?

The diagram shows a single cell from an organism called Spirogyra. vacuole cytoplasm chloroplast cell wall nucleus strand of cytoplasm Which features does Spirogyra share with plant cells? cell wall chloroplast cytoplasm nucleus vacuole

The diagram shows an image of a chloroplast. The image is 5 cm long. The actual length of the chloroplast is 5 m. What is the magnification of the image?

A potato was used as a source of plant tissue. Four potato sticks of identical size were cut from the same potato. At the start of the investigation, each potato stick was 10 squares long. The potato sticks were put into four separate Petri dishes. Each Petri dish contained a different concentration of sugar solution. The diagram shows the four Petri dishes after 24 hours. Which dish contains a sugar solution that has a higher water potential than the potato tissue?

Which row shows correct statements about active transport? direction of movement requires a partially permeable membrane

The graph shows the effect of temperature on an enzyme-controlled reaction. rate of reaction temperature / °C Which statement describes the effect of temperature on this reaction?

The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis of a plant in full sunlight in different concentrations of carbon dioxide. All other factors were kept constant. rate of photosynthesis percentage carbon dioxide concentration 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 What limits the rate of photosynthesis at 0.02% carbon dioxide concentration?

A student wrote some statements about the palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll tissues. The spongy mesophyll tissue is near the stomata for gas exchange. Only palisade mesophyll cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Palisade cells are closely packed but there are air spaces in the spongy mesophyll tissue. Which statements are correct descriptions of the two tissues?

What is a role of bile?

Where in the alimentary canal is the enzyme trypsin found and what are the products of the reaction trypsin catalyses? where trypsin is found products

What is a structural feature of xylem vessels?

During the growing season, tomato plants produce flowers and fruits. Which parts of a growing tomato plant are sources, and which parts are sinks? flowers fruits leaves

Which statements are correct descriptions of methods of preventing pathogens from entering the body? Fibrin is converted to fibrinogen to form a mesh. Phagocytes produce antibodies. Platelets clot blood. Lymphocytes engulf pathogens.

Which statement describes a double circulatory system?

Three statements about immunity are listed. Specific antibodies are produced in response to specific antigens. Pathogens have specific antigens. A vaccination stimulates an immune response. Which statements are correct?

Which muscles in the breathing system contract during inspiration?

Which process requires energy from respiration?

What is produced by anaerobic respiration in human muscles? carbon dioxide lactic acid water

Which statements are correct for a healthy person? Blood leaving a glomerulus has the same concentration of glucose as blood entering a glomerulus. There is no glucose in the fluid leaving a nephron. A nephron reabsorbs all of the water and some of the ions filtered out of the blood by a glomerulus.

When moving from an area with low light intensity to an area with high light intensity, how do the circular and radial muscles of the iris react? circular muscles radial muscles

The graph shows the change in the percentage of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in one country. 1981 1986 1991 year 1996 2001 percentage of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria Which statements could explain the change in the percentage of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria? The use of antibiotics has resulted in natural selection for resistant bacteria. The use of antibiotics has caused a decrease in viral diseases. The use of antibiotics when not essential increased the percentage of antibiotic-resistant infections.

A gardener has a strawberry plant that produces large, sweet fruits. How does the gardener grow more strawberry plants that all produce large, sweet fruits?

Where does fertilisation occur in a plant?

The graph shows the concentrations of two hormones during pregnancy. concentration of hormone time oestrogen hormone X Which organ secretes the most hormone X in the late stages of pregnancy?

A person has a 28-day menstrual cycle. On which day is the lining of the uterus thickest?

Which statements describe the sex chromosomes in human gametes? Egg cells contain either an X or a Y chromosome. Egg cells contain only X chromosomes. Sperm cells contain either an X or a Y chromosome. Sperm cells contain only Y chromosomes.

Which statement describes the effect of meiosis on chromosome number?

A female with red-green colour blindness has a child with a male who does not have red-green colour blindness. The child is male. What is the chance of this child having red-green colour blindness?

What is a source of genetic variation that alters the base sequence of DNA?

Which technique is not used to conserve endangered animal species?

Which flowchart shows how energy is transferred from the Sun to an organism?

Which statements about a food chain are correct? Between trophic level 1 and trophic level 2, energy is passed from a herbivore to a carnivore. Between trophic level 2 and trophic level 3, energy is passed from a primary consumer to a secondary consumer. Between trophic level 3 and trophic level 4, energy is passed from a secondary consumer to a tertiary consumer.

Which process in the nitrogen cycle is involved in the breakdown of amino acids in living organisms?

The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle. Which arrow represents photosynthesis? carbon dioxide in the atmosphere animals combustion plants decomposers

The graph shows how the size of a population changes over time. population size time Which row identifies the phases of population growth? death phase exponential phase lag phase

Eutrophication results in a reduction in the dissolved oxygen in streams and lakes. What causes the reduction in dissolved oxygen?

What are reasons for using chemical fertilisers in food production? to reduce the use of herbicides to increase crop yields to reduce competition between crops and weeds

Why is pectinase useful in fruit juice production?

The diagrams show the stages in the production of human insulin. Which stage uses the enzyme DNA ligase?